Opel Astra, Zafira

Since 1998 of release

Repair and car operation



Opel Astra
+ Cars Opel Astra and Zafira
+ The operation manual
- Routine maintenance
   The routine maintenance schedule
   Specifications
   The general data on options and adjustments
   Check of levels of liquids
   Check of a condition of tyres and pressure of their rating, rotation of wheels
   Replacement of impellent oil and the oil filter
   Check of a condition and replacement of a belt of a drive of auxiliary units
   Removal of a sediment from the fuel filter of the diesel engine
   Check of a condition and replacement of the hoses located in an impellent compartment
   Check of a condition of components of system of cooling
   Check, service and gymnastics of the storage battery
   Check of a condition and replacement of brushes of screen wipers
   Survey of components of a suspension bracket and steering drive, check of a condition of protective covers of power shafts
   Check of brake system
   Electric equipment check
   The control of a condition of an anticorrosive covering of a body and the car bottom
   Greasing of locks, loops and emphasis
   Zeroing of the indicator of intervals of maintenance service
   Replacement of a filtering element of an air cleaner - diesel models of release on 09.2000
   Replacement салонного the filter
   Replacement of the fuel filter - diesel models of release on 09.2000
   Check of turns of idling and structure of the fulfilled gases
   Replacement of a filtering element of an air cleaner - all petrol models and diesel engines of release with 10.2000
   Replacement of the fuel filter - diesel models of release with 10.2000
   Replacement of spark plugs, check of condition ВВ of electroconducting
   Replacement of the fuel filter - petrol models
+ The engine
+ Systems of cooling, heating
+ The power supply system and release
+ Engine electric equipment
+ Manual transmission
+ Automatic transmission
+ Coupling and power shafts
+ Brake system
+ Suspension bracket and steering
+ Body
+ Onboard electric equipment


Replacement of spark plugs, check of condition ВВ of electroconducting

In electronic system of ignition, the high voltage is generated very much! Be attentive, observe all necessary safety measures at service of any components of system, including not only the cores (the ignition module, the coil and ВВ wires), but also and accompanying, such as candle sockets, a tachometre and the other equipment. Persons with implanted кардиостимулятором to be supposed to service of components of system of ignition should not!


The tools necessary at replacement of spark plugs

1 — the Candle head — Is equipped by the special elastic loose leaf excluding possibility of casual damage of a porcelain insulator at a reversing of a candle.
2 — the Dinamometrichesky key — without entering into number of obligatory tools, provides a reliable guarantee of correctness of effort of a tightening of spark plugs.
3 — the Ratchet drive — Is applied in the complete set with a candle head and динамометрическим a key.

4 — the Extension piece — Depending on model and a complete set access to spark plugs can be limited by its auxiliary units in various degree, therefore application of extension pieces of the corresponding form and a design will allow to facilitate procedure performance appreciably.
5 — the Tool for measurement and updating of interelectrode backlashes of spark plugs — Is issued some this sort of types of tools - make sure that the tool is completed щупом, to backlashes of candles of your car corresponding on the size.

Check of a condition and service of spark plugs

On engines Z20LET replacement of spark plugs is made through each 30 000 km of run.

Correctness of functioning of spark plugs appreciably defines efficiency of return of the engine. It is important, that on the engine candles of corresponding type (Specifications see) have been established. Necessity for off-schedule service of spark plugs arises extremely seldom provided that actually the engine is in good repair. In order to avoid casual damage of electrodes, it is not necessary to make cleaning of candles without application of the special equipment.

In most cases for replacement of spark plugs presence of a special candle head (with the elastic loose leaf inside) complete with a ratchet drive, and also a set is necessary (the Tools necessary at replacement of spark plugs) see an illustration. For a safe detachment of tips ВВ of wires from shafts of spark plugs the special tool though its application and is not strictly obligatory also is issued. Use динамометрического a key will allow to achieve correct effort of a tightening of candles.

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

  1. On models 1.4, 1,6 and 1.8 l DOHC uncover маслозаливной mouths, turn out fixing screws and remove a protective casing of the engine. Establish into place a cover маслозаливной mouths.
  1. On l models 2.0 turn out fixing screws and remove a protective cover of candles from a cover газораспределительного the mechanism.
  1. On models 1.6 of l SOHC and 2.0 l if marks of high-voltage wires are not visible, put it. Disconnect ВВ from spark plugs, — pull for a tip, instead of for a wire.
  1. On models 1.6л SOHC, 1.4 and 1.8 l DOHC the ignition module is established between cases of camshafts, is direct over spark plugs, — disconnect from it electroconducting. Turn out fixing screws and remove the module of ignition from a head of cylinders. If the module "has become attached" and does not give in to branch, screw in its carving apertures pair of long bolts М8 and try to use them as handles.
  1. Spark plugs on some of considered models are deeply drowned in candle niches, therefore for their reversing the extension piece of a drive of a key is required. Having put on a candle a head, connect a drive and, accurately rotating a collar counter-clockwise, turn out a candle.

    1 — Vorotok with a ratchet drive
    2 — the Extension piece
    3 — Kardannyj the hinge
    4 — the Candle head with the elastic loose leaf
    5 — the Spark plug

  1. Verify the turned out candle with the card of conditions resulted on a photographic insert that will allow to estimate the general condition of the engine qualitatively.
  2. Check of a condition of candles gives good representation about an engine condition. If on an insulator of the central electrode completely there are no traces of any adjournment, it says about repauperization of an air-fuel mix, or that excessively "hot" candle (heat removal from an insulator to the case on "hot" candles is used occurs much less intensively, than on "cold").
  3. Presence on electrodes of a black deposit testifies to mix reenrichment and if the deposit thus still has an oily consistence, it is necessary to think also of more detailed estimation of degree of deterioration of internal components of the engine.
  4. The touch of a golden or grey-brown shade on an insulator confirms serviceability of a condition of the engine and correctness of configuration of an air-fuel mix.
  1. All engines in a standard complete set are equipped by multielectrode candles. Installation of interelectrode backlashes on such candles is made on manufacturer and any updatings does not require.
  1. At use non-standard candles with one lateral electrode (that is not recommended), on the foreground there is a factor of correctness of installation of the interelectrode backlash which size defines intensity искрообразования and, as consequence, correctness of ignition of a mix and development of process of its combustion in all modes of operation of the engine. Installation of interelectrode backlashes should be made according to instructions of manufacturers of candles.
  1. Measurement of size of an interelectrode backlash on candles of adjustable type is made by means of special щупа wire type.

At updating it is necessary to turn in only a lateral electrode, — attempts of deformation of the central electrode are fraught with irreversible damage of an insulator. The nozzle for updating of position of an electrode usually is included into the complete set щупа.

If to measurement of a candle backlash it is applied usual щуп лезвийного type, it is possible to consider a backlash adjusted correctly when an edge () щупа take place in it with easy resistance.

  1. Before candle installation make sure that the carving tip is densely screwed, and a carving on the case and an external surface of a candle are well cleaned.
  1. Manually acquire one of new candles in a corresponding aperture in the engine. Having made sure that the candle is not warped in a carving, tighten it with demanded effort (at presence near at hand динамометрического a key). For simplification of procedure наживления candles pull on its shaft a piece of a flexible fuel hose. The probability of failure of a carving as at the slightest закусывании the hose will start to be turned simply is thus excluded. Operating in a similar manner, establish all remained candles.
  1. On models of a corresponding complete set before to connect to spark plugs ВВ of a wire, execute procedures of service of the last (see more low).
  2. Connection ВВ of a wire is carried out by vrashchatelno-progress of its tip, — last should sit down densely on a candle shaft (pay attention to marks of wires). On models without ВВ electroconductings establish the module of ignition and tighten its fixture with demanded effort.

Check of a condition of candle wires (only models 1.6 of l SOHC and 2.0)

Check of condition ВВ of electroconducting should be made without dependence from that, replacement of spark plugs was made, or not.

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

  1. Check begins with external survey of isolation of wires at the working engine. Tyre out the car in a dark premise, start the engine and make sure of absence искрообразования on wires. Искрообразование is a sign of breakdown of isolation. Try not to touch moving components in an impellent compartment. Make necessary marks on replacement of defective wires, then allow to the engine to cool down and start checks of a condition of a cover and бегунка the ignition distributor.
  2. Check of candle wires is made serially in order to avoid infringement of an order of their connection at assemblage. Usually on isolation of firm wires there are corresponding marks. In case of absence that, put it independently by means of an adhesive tape and a marker.
  1. Disconnect ВВ a wire from a spark plug (is better take advantage of the special tool). At all do not pull for a wire, only for its tip.
  1. Attentively examine internal walls of a tip. Corrosion is usually shown in the form of fragile коркообразного a touch of white colour.
  2. Pull a tip back on a shaft of the candle, make sure of density of its landing. In case of need again remove a tip and turn in plugs in a rubber cover.
  3. Pure rags wipe a wire on all its length, completely having removed from a surface of isolation dirt and greasing traces. Examine wire isolation on presence of cracks, traces прогара and other damages. Try not to bend a wire under acute angles in order to avoid infringement of integrity of veins of a conductor in isolation.
  4. Check up a condition of contacts of wires from outside the ignition module, — again pull only for a tip.
  5. Replacement ВВ of electroconducting should be made the complete set, even in case of an exit from only one of wires.
  6. Even at an excellent condition of system of ignition, at start in crude weather there can be failures, — in case of need spray system elements влагопоглощающим a spray, — ask in shops of automobile accessories.

Typical damages of spark plugs

Coal adjournment

Symptoms: soot Presence specifies in reenrichment of a toplivno-air mix or weak intensity of a spark. Causes ignition admissions, complicates start and leads to instability of work of the engine.
Recommendations: whether Check up the air cleaner is hammered, whether fuel level in поплавковой to the chamber is not too high, whether is jammed air заслонка and whether contacts are not too worn out. Try to use candles with longer insulator that raises resistibility to pollution.

Замасливание

Symptoms: zamaslivanie candles it is caused by deterioration маслоотражательных caps. Oil gets to the combustion chamber through worn out directing valves or piston rings. Causes ignition admissions, complicates start and leads to instability of work of the engine.
Recommendations: Make mechanical restore

Overheat

Symptoms: the Porous, white insulator, erosion of electrodes and absence of any adjournment. Leads to reduction of service life of a candle.
Recommendations: whether Check up corresponds to requirements of Specifications калильное number of the established candles, whether the corner of an advancing of ignition is correctly exposed, whether too poor toplivno-air mix moves, whether there are no leaks of vacuum of the inlet pipeline and whether valves are jammed. Check up as level of a cooler and whether the radiator is corked.

Too early ignition

Symptoms: Electrodes are melted off. The insulator has white colour, but can be and is polluted owing to admissions of ignition or hit in chambers of combustion of extraneous particles. Can lead to an engine exit out of operation.
Recommendations: Check up калильное number of the established candles, a corner of an advancing of ignition, quality of a mix (whether it is not too impoverished), whether the system of cooling is corked and whether the greasing system normally functions.

Electrospending luster

Symptoms: the Insulator has yellowish colour and the polished kind. Speaks about sudden rise in temperature in combustion chambers at sharp acceleration. Usual adjournment are thus melted off, taking a form of a varnish covering. Leads to ignition admissions at high speeds of movement.
Recommendations: Replace candles (colder, at preservation of a manner of driving).

Short circuit of electrodes

Symptoms: the Waste of products of combustion gets to interelectrode space. Firm adjournment accumulate, forming a crosspiece between electrodes. Leads to ignition refusal in the cylinder.
Recommendations: Remove adjournment from interelectrode space.

Candle normal state

Symptoms: Gray-brown colour and easy deterioration of electrodes. The kalilnoe number of candles corresponds to type of the engine and its general condition.
Recommendations: At replacement of candles establish candles of the same type.

Пеплообразование

Symptoms: Soft brownish colour of adjournment on one or both electrodes of a candle. A source of their formation are applied additives to oil and-or fuel. Excessive accumulation can lead to isolation of electrodes and cause admissions of ignition and astable work of the engine at acceleration.
Recommendations: At fast accumulation of adjournment change маслоотражательные caps that will prevent oil hit in combustion chambers. Try to replace fuel mark.

Deterioration

Symptoms: the Rounding off of electrodes with a small congestion of adjournment on the working end. Colour normal. Leads to difficulty of start of the engine in cold damp weather and to increase of the expense of fuel.
Recommendations: Change candles on new, the same type.

Detonation

Symptoms: Insulators can appear chopped off or треснутыми. The inaccurate technics of adjustment of a candle backlash can result In insulator damage also. Can lead to damage of pistons.

Забрызгивание

Symptoms: After admissions of ignition during a long time interval of adjournment can be loosened at preservation of working temperature in the combustion chamber. At high speeds of adjournment in flakes come off the piston and stick to a hot insulator, causing ignition admissions.
Recommendations: Replace candles or smooth out and establish into place the old.

Mechanical damages

Symptoms: Can be caused hit of extraneous materials in the chamber of combustion or arise at piston blow about too long candle. Lead to refusal of functioning of the cylinder and to piston damage.
Recommendations: Remove from the engine extraneous particles and-or replace.